![]() The aim of this research was to identify strategies that people use in response to a long-term threat that restore affective balance and a subjective sense of security. The pandemic’s universal and long-term character, as well as the ensuing drastic limitation of control over one’s life, have made it necessary to work out adaptive strategies that would reduce negative experiences and eventually lead to the restoration of well-being. Practical implications are discussed.įor millions of people, the COVID-19 pandemic situation and its accompanying restrictions have been a source of threat and confrontation with negative emotions. Moreover, the results highlighted the relationship between optimism and risk perception regarding future scenarios.Ĭonclusions: The presented predictive model demonstrated that positive anticipatory states, sex, and age had a central role in determining the psychological wellbeing during the first wave of the pandemic events in Italy. Results: The results showed that positive anticipatory states are positively associated with psychological wellbeing. ![]() Therefore 1,471 participants received an online survey, which was administered as a set of questionnaires investigating three areas: demographic information, psychological wellbeing, and risk of contagion perception. Method: Based on the differences between the two constructs, as from the literature, the hypothesis is that individuals with higher levels of optimism would report positive but hazy future scenarios and lower levels of risk perception about the future. Introduction: The present study investigates the lockdown experience in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic within a positive psychology framework, focusing on the protective role of the positive anticipatory states: optimism and hope.Īims: The aims were to verify if and how optimism and hope influenced people’s psychological wellbeing and their risk perception of the situation, addressing how individuals portrayed the present and how they imagined the future after the lockdown. It is possible, that unrealistically optimistic people will behave much less in line with aforementioned recommendations making coronavirus widely spreading. This result is important for health experts responsible for making people complying with regulations concerning social distancing, putting masks to stop infecting staying at home. Conclusions: The study revealed a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism, mainly observed in men as it appeared in all three measures but also in women in last two measures. The phenomenon of the unrealistic optimism was observed especially in men (as compared to other male participant) as it appeared in all three measures (M (you)=3.95 vs M (other male student)=4.63 M=3.71 vs M=4.68, and M=4.46 vs M=5.38 in phase one, two and three, respectively p≤0.006 for all comparison), but also in women in last two measures (M(you)=4.55 vs M (other female student)=4.95, and M=4.99 vs M= 5.38 in phase 2 and 3, respectively p≤0.012 for both comparisons). Results: We showed that women estimated chances of being infected significantly higher (M=4.52, SD=2.079 t=2.387 p=0.018 Cohen’s d =0.393) then men (M=3.71, SD=2.042). The survey was conducted in three waves: prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (March 2-3), immediately after that announcement (March 5-6), and a few days later on (March 9-10). Participants (n=171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection, and the likelihood this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. ![]() ![]() Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism.
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